Korea

**  **

**  **
In Korea mythology, the God, Hwanung, came to Korea from heaven, transform bear to a woman and gave birth to Tangun who started Korea in 2333 B.C. The country that Tangun created old Ko Joseon.

Myth > Unity of religion and government > - murderer will be killed > - thief will be slave > - someone who hurted others will pay back with grain
 * Culture base on bronze ware
 * A Kingdom made by union of trips
 * Totemism (worshiping certain animal - can tell in the myth)
 * 8 rules to follow

As Han(漢) Dynasty got stronger, Ko Joseon fall and lead to Three Kingdom period



= =



 ** **       l  Most advanced, largest, and likely the first established, of the three kingdoms l Goguryeo controlled not only Korean but also Chinese, destroyed the last Chinese commandery in 313, and other Tungusic tribes in Manchria and North Korea in 5th centry l Capital – Nangrang (Now Pyongyang) l Famous for its daring characteristic

l Main Kings - King Jumong; founder of Goguryeo ; myth - Son of Hae Mosu, sky deity and Yuhwa - King Gwanggaeto; 19th King (391-412) ; Korea had largest terretory north wise - King Jangsu ; Son of King Gwanggaeto ; G oguryeo had largest terretory 



 


 * **

l Famous for its strong sea power; transmitting continental cultural influences to Japan l during 4th centry (its the period of prosperity) controlled most of western Korean Peninsula, as far north as Pyongyang l 5th century, Baekje retreated under the southward military threat of Goguryeo l In 660 AD, Silla and Tang Dynasty form China attacked Baekje l Main Kings - King Onjo; third son of King Jumong (founder of Goguryeo) - King Goi; Baekje had largest terretory during his period <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">- King Uija; last king of Baekje



** l In early Shilla, it was weakest country among Three Kingdoms, but it had most beautiful art works. l  Buddhism was religion of the country l However, in King Jinheung strong army and started to push G oguryeo to north, and finally, conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje and Goguryeo. l In the 7th century Silla allied itself with the Chinese Tang dynasty and and unites Korea. l As powerful aristocratic families get more power than King, lots of civil wars rise and lead fall of Late Silla l Fall of Silla led Korea to later three Kingdom, which than became Goryeo Dynasty l Main Kings - Bak Hyeokgeose; founded Silla in 57 BCE ; myth - hatched from an egg laid from a white horse - King Jinheung; during 4th centry, he established a strong military force and started to push G oguryeo to north - King Munmu; finally defeats G oguryeo with help of general Kim Yu-shin and unites Korea.
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 바탕; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><Silla (57 BCE – 935 CE) >

** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림"> l united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 became more <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림">independent from China l removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392 l famous <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림">for  Goryeo pottery (famous Korean celadon pottery) and //Tripitaka Koreana//(the Buddhist scriptures) l more active trade with Eastern countries – word “Korea” came from Goryeo trade with – Song dynasty, Liao dynasty, Jurchen, Japan, Abbasid dynasty l  Buddhism and  Confucianism l <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림">civil official > military officer = leads to fall of Goryeo l Main Kings - King Wang Geon; established Goryeo - King Seongjong; key figure in establishing Confucianism ; made Hangul
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; COLOR: #5a1ba1; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msoBidiFontSize: 12.0ptmso-ansi-language"><Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) >

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 200%; COLOR: #6f26ab; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">




 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; COLOR: #4e1291; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msoBidiFontSize: 12.0ptmso-ansi-language"><Joseon Dynasty (1392 – 1910) > **

l King Taejo established Joseon l longest - lived actively ruling dynasty in East Asia l Capital - Hanseong (modern-day Seoul) l 1394 King Taejo adopted Confucianism as the country's official religion l King Sejong made Hangul, the Korean written alphabet l   Imperialist power infiltration - Byeonginyangyo (병인양요); French campaign against Korea of 1866 - Sinmiyangyo (신미양요); United States expedition to Korea in 1871 l Japan’s invation; - general Yi Sun-shin; saved Korea with "turtle ship" or gobukseon - defended - Japan forced Korea to engage in foreign trade through the Treaty of Ganghwa in 1876 - In 1895, Empress Myeongseong of Korea was assassinated by the Japanese - Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty; controversial treaty, treaty was never ratified by the Korean Emperor
 * Korea in its isolationism for another decade
 * first American military action
 * Koreans refused to open up the country





l Koreans brought Roman Catholicism l Main Kings - King Taejo(=Yi Seonggye); established Joseon ; adopted Confucianism as the country's official religion - King Sejong the Great;1418-1450; made Hangul; various other cultural and technological advances,

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 200%; COLOR: #6f26ab; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">

media type="youtube" key="FihBsJyrB24&hl=en" height="355" width="425"

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 200%; COLOR: #6f26ab; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 200%; COLOR: #6f26ab; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 200%; COLOR: #6f26ab; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">