Indonesian+History

The country's in-sea position ended up starting inter-island and international trade. Trade has since been extremely popular in Indonesia. The population consists of various migrations which creates a diversity of cultures, ethnicities, and languages.
 * Overview**

The **Srivijaya naval kingdom**, one of the main kingdoms in the history, did so well and it brought Hindu and Buddhist influences with it.

The agricultural Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram dynasties subsequently thrived and declined in inland Java.

Europeans came to settle in Indonesia from the 16th century seeking to monopolize the sources of valuable nutmeg, cloves, and cubed pepper in Maluku. In 1602 the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company(DEIC) and became the dominant European power. Following bankruptcy, the DEIC was erased in 1800, and the government of the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalized colony. By the early 20th century, Dutch dominance extended to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries.

The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during WWII ended Dutch rule, and encouraged the previously demolished Indonesian independence movement. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, nationalist leader, Sukarno, declared independence and was appointed president.

The Netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, but an armed and diplomatic struggle ended that in December of 1949, and the Dutch formally recognized Indonesian independence. Now under the rule of Suharno, an attempted coup in 1965 led to a violent army-led anti-communist battle in which as many as one million people were killed. Suharno’s New Order administration had the blessing of the West whose investment in Indonesia was a major factor in the next three decades of a large amount of economic growth.

In the late 1990's, however, Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the East Asian Financial Crisis which led to popular protests and Suharto's resignation on 21 May 1998.

-The kingdom based in Central Java between the 8th and 10th centuries. -The first king of Mataram was Sri Sanjaya -The monumental Hindu temple of Prambanan in the vicinity of Yogyakarta was built by Daksa. -The kingdom collapsed into chaos at the end of Dharmawangsa's reign under military pressure from Srivijaya. -Airlangga, a son of Udayana of Bali, and a relative of Dharmawangsa re-established the kingdom (including Bali) under the name of Kahuripan.
 * Kingdom of Mataram**

-It was centred in the coastal trading center of present day Palembang. -The empire did not extend its influence far beyond the coastal areas of the islands of Southeast Asia. -Srivijaya was organized in three main zones — the estuarine capital region centered on Palembang, the Musi River basin which served as hinterland, and rival estuarine zones capable of forming rival power centers.
 * Srivijaya Empire**

Even without many records, it appears that by the seventh century, Srivijaya established power over large areas of Sumatra, western Java, and the Malay Peninsula.

-Srivijaya controlled both the Spice Route traffic and local trade, charging a toll on passing ships, and remained in high sea power until the thirteenth century. As you can imagine, this became very profitable.

Srivijaya influence fell back by the 11th century. The island was always in conflict with the Japanese kingdoms. Srivijaya had ceased to exist by 1414 because their final Prince, Parameswara, converted to Islam which was very hectic.

**Singhasari and Majapahit** -Singhasari was a kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. -The Majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern Java in the late 13th century, and under Gajah Mada it experienced what is often referred to as a "Golden Age" in Indonesian history when its influence extended to much of southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. -The founder of the Majapahit Empire, Kertarajasa, was the son-in-law of the ruler of the Singhasari kingdom, also based in Java.

Gajah Mada, an ambitious Majapahit prime minister extended the Maajapahit empire's rule to the surrounding islands. A few years after Gajah Madah's death, the Majapahit navy captured Palembang, putting an end to the Srivijayan kingdom.

Majapahit had their focus mainly on controlling and gaining a larger share of the commercial trade that passed through the archipelago. About the time Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and proselytisers began entering the area.

After peaking the 1300s, Majapahit power began to decline with a war over succession that started in 1401 and went on for four years. Dates for the end of the Majapahit Empire range from 1478 to 1520.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia http://www.gimonca.com/sejarah/sejarah.shtml